Murano, multi-layered glass vase, ca 1960

Murano glass is world-famous for its colour and distinctive craftsmanship, bringing great renown to the glassworks of Venice. In the 13th century, glass production was concentrated on the island of Murano. Byzantine craftsmen strongly influenced the development of Venetian glass, especially after the fall of Constantinople in 1204 and 1453, when many emigrated to Venice. They perfected the techniques of transparency, colouring and decoration. Despite Venice's efforts to maintain a monopoly, these techniques spread throughout Europe. However, some famous glassmakers, such as Venini and Barovier & Toso, remained based in Murano. Murano glassmakers, who became influential from the 14th century onwards, enjoyed privileges but were obliged to remain in Venice. However, some took the risk of leaving and set up workshops all over Europe. Murano retains its prestige using age-old techniques and is home to the Glass Museum, which traces the history of Venetian glassmaking. Today, Murano's craftsmen continue to perpetuate this heritage in their workshops.